Financial exclusion remains a persistent global challenge, constraining economic development and deepening poverty. Nearly 1.4 billion adults worldwide lacked a formal financial account in 2021, even as affordable financial services are recognized as “a key enabler to reducing poverty and boosting prosperity.”

The success of the welfare state system in Northern Europe—integrating economic vitality, social security, and political confidence—is the result of a combination of factors that most larger countries find difficult to replicate. The secret isn’t one particular policy, but an interlocking social investment ecosystem, where government, business, and labor each make commitments that reinforce each other’s credibility.

I’m sure you have seen the word tariff multiple times in the last six months. Something that has become very popular under the Trump administration, tariffs are everywhere and are affecting everyone. But what is a tariff and how does it apply to the United States and the global market? At its core, tariffs are simply a type of tax; however, they can get much more complicated than that. 

China’s rapid economic growth has been driven by both central and provincial governments, but the latter's role in fueling the nation's development has also created an increasingly concerning problem—provincial debt. Although this debt has been mostly been the resulting of financing essential infrastructure projects and stimulating local economies, the long-sighted impact of this debt may destroy the economic stability of China.

Have you ever seen the words budget deficit or national debt being brought up when new spending bills are being passed or when someone...

You’ve probably learned about different economic philosophies in history class, whether that be socialism, capitalism, or communism....

By many measures, the title of “boldest economic reforms carried out in the 21st century” belongs to the reforms carried out by Javier Milei following his victory in the 2023 November elections. Vowing to upturn the precedence set by his Peronist predecessors, who were largely in favor of the nationalizing the economy in many respects, Milei has pursued a policy entirely different.

Abstract This paper examines the economic implications of scientific media coverage and its impact on business behavior, market dynamics,...

In August 2017, at BRD Medical College in Gorakhpur, India, medical oxygen was fully cut off due to the hospital's inability to pay over...

Abstract  Over the last decade, unconditional and conditional cash transfer programs have become a widespread tool used by policymakers...

Abstract Through a powerful and influential economy, protection from the US, and its strong defensive military capabilities, Taiwan has...

Abstract Starting from the early 1960s continuing until the 1990s, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong experienced dramatic...

Abstract Despite geopolitical progress, the resolution of tensions and uprisings remains the same: a feeble effort to accumulate support....

Abstract The proclamation of the PRC marked the end of the 22-year Chinese Civil war and the "century of shame." While the PRC's early...